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刘晓艳·写作常用论证方式

刘晓艳写作论证方式:因果论证、分类论证、举例论证

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四六级

视频来源:Bilibili BV14CGW65Ehu 考研英语晓燕 · 2026-05-25


一、因果论证(A导致B,B导致C)

核心规则:

  1. 第一个词一定是 “如果”(If)
  2. 递进两次即可(A → B → C),约30个单词
  3. 五级作文第二段写 2个论证 就够60词

示例1:读世界名著的好处

If young people can spend some time reading famous books, their horizons will become broader. With broader horizons, they can achieve greater success in career and life.

(如果年轻人花时间读名著 → 视野更开阔 → 取得更大成功)

示例2:数字化产品多

If there are more and more digital products in life, people will become dependent and addicted. The more addicted they are, the lazier they become and the less willing to think.

(数字化产品多 → 产生依赖 → 变懒不思考)

示例3:大学生心理不健康

If college students are not mentally healthy, it will lead to depression or even suicide, which will cause the breakdown of their family.

(心理不健康 → 抑郁/自杀 → 家庭分崩离析)

示例4:培养交流能力

If college students can develop effective communication skills, they can make more friends. With more friends, they will have a more enjoyable college life.

(交流能力 → 更多朋友 → 更开心的大学生活)

示例5:暴力游戏

If young people spend more time playing violent games, they will imitate these behaviors. They would never communicate with others, leading to more crimes.

(打暴力游戏 → 模仿暴力行为 → 孤立 → 更多犯罪)

常用表达(背一个即可):

  • If..., ...will... —— 如果……就……
  • A leads to / results in B —— A导致B
  • The more..., the more... —— 越……越……

二、分类论证(对个人 / 对集体 / 对国家)

适用场景: 论述危害或影响时 结构: 通常分2-3个层面

示例1:相互理解和尊重

  1. 对个人: 更开心,更有创造性,学习效率更高
  2. 对大学: 和谐温暖的校园环境
  3. 对国家: 减少冲突,社会更和谐

示例2:科技发展的好处

  1. 对个人: 效率更高,生活更方便
  2. 对企业: 提高生产效率,工人工资提高
  3. 对国家: 促进经济发展

示例3:PPT使用的好处

  1. 对学生: 知识更清晰,更容易掌握关键点
  2. 对老师: 节省时间和精力,课堂更生动

(不写对国家,因为太大太空)

注意:

  • “对国家”太大太空就不写,可以只写2个影响
  • 写3个影响就能撑满整个第二段

三、举例论证

结构: 开头引出 → 例子本身 → 结尾总结

  • 例子短 → 再加一个因果论证
  • 例子长 → 一个就够第二段

开头句式(背1个即可):

  1. Countless examples can illustrate this. The following one is sufficient.
  2. I can figure out no better illustration than the following one.
  3. Although many examples are available in our daily life, the following one is the most typical.

结尾句式:

  • This example effectively clarifies the truth that…
  • This story tells us that…

示例1(短例子,需补因果论证): 我有一个好朋友叫大雁,她读过很多世界经典名著。When I talk to her, I always feel she has a wide range of knowledge and is very knowledgeable. Moreover, her writing level is also very good.

(短例子 + 补一个因果论证就够第二段)

示例2(长例子,一个就够): 刘晓燕的故事:出生贫穷家庭 → 没考上名校 → never give up → 相信贫穷不可怕,思想贫穷才可怕 → through years of effort, her dream came true(强调句型)

示例3(长例子): 弟弟的故事:小学学会打暴力游戏 → 起初正常 → 突然用棍子伤害同学 → 说明孩子容易模仿暴力行为


四、总结速查卡

论证方式字数用法
因果论证约30词写2个就够第二段
分类论证视层数而定对个人 + 对集体 + 对国家,3个影响就够第二段
举例论证视例子长度一个长例子就够,短例子需补一个因果

三条铁律:

  1. 三种论证 选一种即可,不要三种都用
  2. 字数不够就再加一个原因分析
  3. 背熟表达句式,考场上直接套用